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trial consulting
Trial consulting is the use of social scientists, particularly psychologists and communication experts and economists, to aid attorneys in the presentation of a criminal trial or civil lawsuit. Modern trial consultants help prepare witnesses, improve arguments and rhetoric, and select juries.〔Matthew Hutson, ''(Unnatural Selection )'' Mar/Apr 2007, ''Psychology Today''.〕
Although traditionally sophisticated jury selection methods were a mainstay of trial consultants, they now "place far less emphasis on jury selection than they did in the past",〔 Kressel, Neil J. and Dorit F. Kressel (2004). ''Stack and Sway: The New Science of Jury Consulting.'' Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, pp. 86-87.〕 and many in the field now prefer the term "trial consulting" to "jury consulting".〔Franklin Strier & Donna Shestowsky (1999). "Profiling the profilers: a study of the trial consulting profession, its impact on trial justice, and what, if anything, to do about it." ''Wisconsin Law Review''. Pg. 441. Cited at pp 450-51.〕 Since many cases are now settled out of court or decided by arbitration, some trial consulting firms have diversified to include mock mediation and arbitration sessions.〔 Shapiro, Ari. (Jury Consultants and Arbitration of Civil Lawsuits ). National Public Radio. (June 9, 2005). Retrieved 14 July 2006.〕 This is also the reason that many jury/trial consultants are now referring to themselves as "litigation consultants".〔Posey, A. J., and Wrightsman, L. S. (2005). ''Trial Consulting''. Oxford University Press.〕
The traditional mainstays of trial consulting remain important. They include witness preparation, shadow juries, mock trials, focus groups, community attitude surveys, and expert assistance with trial presentation.
== References ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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